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surfactant, resulting in ventilation-perfusion mismatch and hypoxia. 8 , 11 Aeromedical staff should be aware that in infants the diaphragms are mainly used for respiration because negative intrathoracic pressures are less effective in inspiring air. 8 , 11 Desaturations were observed in approximately one-third of healthy infants under 6 mo of age during aeromedical transport in a hypobaric hypoxemic condition. 5 Infants tend to become hypoxic due to prematurity or concurrent lung conditions. Moreover, infants easily can experience hypoventilation or apnea when exposed