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transportation for long-distance travel and the annual cost of flight accidents is worth $1.6–4.6 billion. 4 Therefore, airline pilots’ mental and physical well-being is vital to flight safety. Circadian disruption refers to the misalignment of circadian rhythm due to external factors such as shift work or jet lag. 36 When the internal body clock is incompatible with the external environment, abnormal periodic fluctuations in various indicators will occur. 27 In practice, the definition of circadian disruption is mainly focused on the scenarios that potentially cause