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spaceflight. SMACs for propylene glycol (PG) were originally set by Ramanathan, 4 based upon eye, nose, and throat irritation in human subjects exposed acutely (1 min) to PG mist 7 for the 1-h SMAC, nasal hemorrhaging and ocular discharge in rodents 6 for the 24-h, 7-d, and 30-d SMACs, and increased goblet cells, increased mucin production, and thickening of the respiratory epithelium 6 for the 180-d and 1000-d SMACs. These SMACs range from 32 to 1.5 ppm. Propylene Glycol Toxicity Propylene glycol is generally considered as safe and is