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Spatial disorientation (SD) represents a failure to correctly perceive one’s self-orientation and self-motion. When applied to operating aircraft, this extends to a failure to perceive the orientation and motion of the piloted vehicle, which can result in loss of control or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT), leading to loss of aircraft and loss of life. Within the U.S. military, SD has been the leading contributor to these outcomes, 1 – 3 which often result in Class A mishaps (characterized by loss of life or at least $2.5M in damage). The historical