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antipyretics (e.g., NSAIDs and acetaminophen), 0.4% were using psychotropic medications (e.g., alprazolam, ketamine, clonazepam), 0.4% were using cannabinoids (e.g., THC, marijuana, or CBD), and 0.3% were using stimulant substances (i.e., cocaine, amphetamine). Around 0.2% of pilots were using medication for benign prostatic hyperplasia or erectile dysfunction treatments, 0.2% were using sleep aids, and 0.1% were using acid reducers. Other medications, such as decongestants and diabetic medications, were used by fewer than 0.1% of pilots. Fig. 2. The prevalences of

converted to km ⋅ d -1 and mice were checked to ensure the wheel was functioning properly. MA mice ( N = 4) and SL mice ( N = 4) were singly housed with a running wheel (Columbus Instruments) to be used voluntarily as described above. SL mice and MA mice had access to voluntary wheels for 3 d prior to euthanasia and collection of brains for analysis. On Day 4, all mice voluntarily ran for approximately 2 h during the nocturnal hours between 19:00 h and 21:00 h, then were immediately deeply anesthetized with a 2/1 combination of ketamine (BW, Vedco, St. Joseph, MO

, intraoperative, and postoperative resources. 66 If general anesthesia were necessary, adapted approaches such as the use of IV ketamine, which is commonly used in austere settings, and the use of video laryngoscopes for airway management could increase safety and likelihood of success. 66 , 108 These techniques could be carried out by the crew under the guidance of validated instructional videos, as real-time telecommunication and remote control of equipment will be precluded by transmission delays. 57 Despite the enormous challenges involved, we