-flight.
12
,
32
,
47
The National Space & Aeronautics Administration (NASA) has identified in the Human Research Roadmap that bone demineralization is a serious threat to astronaut health and, therefore, has prioritized research into the development of countermeasures.
33
Specific exercise countermeasures including the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED),
39
combined with load bearing garments and nutritional regimes,
40
have been extensively assessed on the ISS. Despite showing a maintenance of BMD in the upper body, significant