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Aircrew Performance and Safety While Using Protective Masks in Response to Coronavirus Disease
Kara M. Cave,
Amanda M. Kelley,
Kathryn A. Feltman,
Jason A. Gerstner,
Justin L. Stewart, and
John S. Crowley
Article Category: Other
Volume/Issue: Volume 92: Issue 4
Online Publication Date: Apr 01, 2021
DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.5751.2021
Page Range: 274 – 280

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Fig. 2.; A) Mean (6 SD) number of duty days and flight hours worked per month Prepandemic, Late 2020 (Round 1), and Early 2021 (Round 2). Duty Days response numbers: Prepandemic, N = 671; Late 2020, N = 497 (N = 90, no flights this month); Early 2021, N = 80 (N = 26, no flights this month). Flight hours response numbers: Prepandemic, N = 668; Late 2020, N = 495 (N = 90, no flights this month); Early 2021, N = 80 (N = 27, no flights this month). B) Change in monthly flight hours worked during Late 2020 relative to Prepandemic based on operations flown.
Cassie J. Hilditch and
Erin E. Flynn-Evans
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

A) Mean (6 SD) number of duty days and flight hours worked per month Prepandemic, Late 2020 (Round 1), and Early 2021 (Round 2). Duty Days response numbers: Prepandemic, N = 671; Late 2020, N = 497 (N = 90, no flights this month); Early 2021, N = 80 (N = 26, no flights this month). Flight hours response numbers: Prepandemic, N = 668; Late 2020, N = 495 (N = 90, no flights this month); Early 2021, N = 80 (N = 27, no flights this month). B) Change in monthly flight hours worked during Late 2020 relative to Prepandemic based on operations flown.


Cassie J. Hilditch and
Erin E. Flynn-Evans
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

CONSORT flow diagram of Round 1 (left) and Round 2 (right) survey responses.


Cassie J. Hilditch and
Erin E. Flynn-Evans
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

Percentage of respondents reporting an increase from Prepandemic to Early 2021 in: A) the frequency of experiencing each factor (Experienced), B) the impact of each factor on their sleep (Sleep), and C) the impact of each factor on their ability to perform their job safely (Performance).


Cassie J. Hilditch and
Erin E. Flynn-Evans
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

A) Self-reported sleep prior to and during the pandemic (mean 6 SD). Response numbers: Prepandemic sleep need, N = 622; Prepandemic days off, N = 617; Prepandemic work days, N = 617; Late 2020 sleep need, N = 563; Late 2020 days off, N = 558; Late 2020 work days, N = 472; Early 2021 sleep need, N = 107; Early 2021 days off, N = 107; Early 2021 work days, N = 80. B) Frequency of having trouble staying awake while driving, eating meals, or engaging in social activity prior to and during the pandemic. Response numbers: Prepandemic, N = 485; Late 2020, N = 484; Early 2021, N = 85. C) Percentage (6 SD) of flights on which pilots experienced fighting sleepiness prior to and during the pandemic. Response numbers: Prepandemic, N = 624; Late 2020, N = 486 (N = 80, did not fly this month); Early 2021, N = 85 (N = 22, did not fly this month). D) Percentage of respondents using in-flight countermeasures prior to and during the pandemic. Response numbers: Prepandemic, N = 573; Late 2020, N = 384; Early 2021, N = 67.


Cassie J. Hilditch and
Erin E. Flynn-Evans
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 93: Issue 5
Online Publication Date: May 01, 2022
Page Range: 433 – 441
Emily Stratton,
Robert Haddon,
M. Hassan Murad,
Tanya Petterson,
Mitchell Nelson, and
Clayton T. Cowl
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 93: Issue 10
Online Publication Date: Oct 01, 2022
Page Range: 734 – 738
Jessica Nairn,
Elliot Bell,
Julia Myers,
Matthew Higgins,
Ben Johnston, and
Giles Newton-Howes
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 95: Issue 6
Online Publication Date: Jun 01, 2024
Page Range: 313 – 320

before participating. Recruitment started in 2021 and was initially very slow, hindered by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and stresses this placed on the medical unit within the airline and the industry itself. The initial intention was to interview only current airline employees who had participated in the airline AOD pathway. This was subsequently extended to also include medical practitioners overseeing the program. The approach supported a purposeful sampling strategy as it became apparent following the initial interviews that meeting the aims of the study

Vichai Chu and
David G. Newman
Article Category: Review Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 94: Issue 9
Online Publication Date: Sep 01, 2023
Page Range: 686 – 695
Vini G. Khurana,
Rondhir Jithoo, and
Michael Barnett
Article Category: Review Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 92: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Feb 01, 2021
Page Range: 113 – 119
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