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nonhypoxic decompression stress and compromised brain white matter integrity remains opaque. 15 , 16 The recent study afforded an opportunity to target biomarkers of potential brain insult. Levels of serum calcium-binding protein S100β and neuron-specific enolase were unaffected, respectively indicating gross preservation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and absence of neuronal cell body damage. However, there was a mean 10% elevation above baseline of circulating astrocyte-derived glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) the day after exposure ( P = 0.015). GFAP is