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toluene following guidelines set by the National Research Council’s (NRC) Committee on Toxicology. 2 These guidelines outline specific spaceflight considerations, including a population of only healthy adults and limited, but continuous, exposure durations. 2 The Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations (SMACs) provide guidance on allowable chemical exposures during normal operations and off-nominal situations in spaceflight. 2 Short-term (1-h and 24-h) and long-term (7-1000-d) SMACs serve slightly different purposes. Short-term SMACs aim to protect against

Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is not generally detected in spacecraft atmospheres. However, it is a potential product of combustion and NASA has therefore established limits to support crew response to an off-nominal contamination of the habitable spacecraft volume. NASA utilizes Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations (SMACs) to provide guidance on acceptable exposures to airborne contaminants during spaceflight. Short-term (1-h and 24-h) SMACs for benzene were originally set by James and Kaplan, 3 based a lack of hematological effects

nominal spaceflight (7, 30, 180, and 1000 d) are primary resources for establishing Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations (SMACs) in air. Propylene glycol is a coolant that is being used in a mixture with water for exploration spacecraft thermal control systems. Therefore, NASA must provide occupational exposure limits to support appropriate system design and to evaluate crew exposures in the event of off-nominal contamination of the habitable spacecraft volume. NASA uses SMACs to provide guidance on acceptable exposures to airborne contaminants during