mass index (BMI; kg · m −2 ) were taken with the examination technique recommended by the World Health Organization
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by trained nurses at the Exercise Physiology Laboratory. Also collected were 12-h fasting blood samples from the median cubital or median antebrachial vein, which were processed with the Cobas C-501 (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA) on the same day of the exam to grant the aeromedical certificate. The laboratory results, including serum glucose, creatinine, cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, LDL, complete blood count, and glomerular